Cross-species color banding in ten cases of myeloid malignancies with complex karyotypes.

Cross-species color banding is a multiple-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using probes developed from other animal species. Hybridization to human metaphases produces color banding patterns specific for each homologous chromosome pair. The technique has been evaluated in a complementary manner with G-banding and chromosome painting in a series of 10 myeloid malignancies with complex or unresolved karyotypes. Color banding detected the majority of chromosomal abnormalities, which had been identified by G-banding and in each case revealed chromosomal changes that G-banding had not identified. Painting was necessary to confirm these abnormalities due to the limitation of only seven colors in the color-banded karyotype. At the same time, painting fortuitously uncovered cryptic abnormalities in 6 of 10 cases that had not been detected by color banding. Insertions were visible by painting only. This study has demonstrated that in the analysis of complex karyotypes, the application of color banding revealed the involvement of the long arm of chromosome 3, indicating a poor risk, in two cases not identified by G-banding. Therefore, these techniques applied together have revealed cryptic chromosomal abnormalities with prognostic significance, which in some cases may have implications for patient management.

Evaluation of an alternative model of anticoagulant care.

BACKGROUND: Alternative models for the delivery of anticoagulant care are required in view of an estimated increase of 20% per annum in patients requiring treatment, and an inability for the present service to deal with this increase. This led to a restructuring of the anticoagulant service, which included the appointment of a nurse specialist and the implementation of a computer-assisted warfarin dosing system. AIM: To assess the impact of changes in the delivery of anticoagulant care in one unit. METHODS: A previous consultant-led delivery service of anticoagulant care was compared with the current nurse-led service. Two six month periods was compared. The end points of the study were INR control, appointment intervals and clinic size. A patient questionnaire was completed to assess patient satisfaction and education. RESULTS: In two years, attendance at walk-in clinics increased by 43% but the number attending anticoagulant clinics decreased by 50%. There was a parallel increase in the number of patients presenting on a flexible 'walk-in' basis for phlebotomy with postal dosing with 76% of patients now being managed on a flexible postal system. Anticoagulant control and reattendance intervals compare favourably, the percentage of patients attending at the maximal reattendance interval of eight weeks has increased from 3% to 15%. Patient knowledge and satisfaction scores were high on the questionnaire. Financially, this model of care is more cost effective than employing further doctors. CONCLUSION: The introduction of a nurse specialist managed service has allowed us to accommodate a 21% annual increase in patient numbers while improving the overall quality, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the service and patient care.

Malignancy: Case report: Myelodysplasia Following Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia with Fludarabine.

Recently there has been an increased awareness of a possible link between the use of purine nucleoside analogues and myelodysplasia. We report the case of a patient who developed myelodysplasia with complex cytogenetic changes after receiving fludarabine. We review the literature, discuss the possible links between myelodysplasia and nucleoside analogues and putative mechanisms for secondary neoplasia.

The incidence of active duty dental patients taking antihypertensive medications.

Hypertension affects 58 million Americans. Dentists frequently encounter patients who are using one or more antihypertensive medications. This study evaluates the incidence of active duty soldiers dispensed antihypertensive medications at a large military installation. Lisinopril was the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medication during a 2-month period in 1997 and was followed by hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine, propranolol, felodipine, verapamil, atenolol, diltiazem, terazosin, clonidine, nifedipine, and metoprolol. These 12 drugs accounted for 93.46% of all antihypertensive medications dispensed. In this study, the percentage of active duty soldiers dispensed any antihypertensive medication was 1.51% (30 different medications were dispensed); 0.16% of all soldiers younger than age 30 and 1.25% of all soldiers older than age 30 were prescribed 1 of the 12 most commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents. Considering the same top-12 antihypertensive agents, the percentage of male soldiers younger than 30 who received a prescription was 0.24% and the percentage of male soldiers older than 30 who received a prescription was 4.3%. The percentage for males older than 40 receiving 1 of the 12 medications listed above was 12.05%. Similarly, the percentages for females were 0.27% for younger than 30, 1.87% for older than 30, and 3.51% for older than 40. Active duty males older than age 30 were more than twice as likely to be prescribed an antihypertensive agent than females in the same age group. Male active duty soldiers older than age 40 were more than 50 times more likely to be prescribed an antihypertensive agent than active duty males younger than 30.

Disabilities, opportunities, and other resources on the information highway: a case study (DOOR Online).

DOOR Online began as a collaborative effort between a number of agencies and people from the disabled community in Colorado. The shared goal was to develop an accessible, searchable resource listing for people with disabilities, their families, and community supports. DOOR Online, the result of this effort, is a database of local, state, and national resources that can be accessed directly through the Internet or the statewide library network.

Myelodysplasia Following Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia with Fludarabine.

Recently there has been an increased awareness of a possible link between the use of purine nucleoside analogues and myelodysplasia. We report the case of a patient who developed myelodysplasia with complex cytogenetic changes after receiving fludarabine. We review the literature, discuss the possible links between myelodysplasia and nucleoside analogues and putative mechanisms for secondary neoplasia.

Acquired von Willebrand's disease.

von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is the commonest inherited bleeding disorder in man with an estimated incidence of 1 per thousand of the population. Acquired von Willebrand's disease (AvWD) is rare with less than 70 cases reported. AvWD is usually associated with autoimmune or clonal proliferation disorders and whilst the precise mechanism of acquired deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF) is poorly understood, the most likely candidate mechanism(s) are; antibodies inactivate or form a complex with immunologic or functional sites on vWF, or vWF multimers are selectively absorbed by malignant cells. Unlike hereditary vWD, the acquired form of the disease can be exceedingly difficult to manage. We report 4 cases of AvWD diagnosed at our centre over the past 3 yr. There was no evidence of a previous personal or family history of bleeding in any of the patients and AvWD was confirmed by laboratory testing. All 4 patients had a recognised primary medical condition known to be associated with AvWD (Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia in 2 patients, hypothyroidism in 1 patient and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) in 1 patient). The acquired haemostatic defect corrected following treatment of the primary condition in 3 patients with the other patient requiring on demand von Willebrand Factor replacement to control spontaneous and surgery induced bleeding.

Respiratory Failure and Intensive Care Support Following Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation frequently develop life threatening complications, which require intensive care management. The reported prognosis of bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients who require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is poor [1], We retrospectively examined the records of 25 BMT patients at our centre who required ICU admission between January 1989 and May 1997. Respiratory failure was the most frequent reason for admission. Twenty five patients required ventilation and two of these survived. Fifteen patients were investigated at an early stage using bronchoscopy. Fifteen patients had bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 8 had transbronchial biopsies (TBB). Despite positive findings in 5 BAL and 3 TBB and an appropriate change in treatment, none of these patients survived. In spite of early investigation and intensive support the prognosis of patients with severe respiratory failure after BMT remains poor. Early investigation with bronchoscopy provides a diagnosis in 50% of cases although we are unable to demonstrate a survival advantage in this group of patients.